At the present stage, due to the advantages and characteristics of steel structure housing, has attracted the attention of the national urban construction departments, and it will be listed as a key project, the establishment of a number of pilot projects around the country.However, compared with foreign countries, China still has many deficiencies in the maintenance, installation, manufacturing and design of residential buildings.Therefore, as a new industry, whether in management, talent, or technical standards, steel housing should be comprehensive innovation and development.Based on the current situation of steel structure building in China's construction industry, this paper expounds the development trend of steel structure housing.
First, the steel structure housing and its development situation
Due to its light weight, good seismic performance and recyclability, the steel structure house is convenient for modular design, standardized production, serial production and assembly construction, and easy to form green ecological house with assembly integration.As early as last century, it has been popular in Britain, Italy and the United States and other countries, because of its own advantages, prompted the construction industry has a large-scale, unprecedented change, since then, the steel structure housing officially into the international market, and in each country has been a good development.
Second, the characteristics of steel structure housing
1. The steel structure housing is light in weight and has good seismic performance
Like timber, reinforced concrete and masonry, steel structures are also part of the residential building category.The skeleton of the steel structure house is made of steel columns, steel beams, and is constructed of high strength, heat insulation, thermal insulation and lightweight walls.Compared with other building structures, the steel structure has an advantage in weight, which is 1/3 of the same building area.Not only that, because of the strong ductility of steel, so, has excellent seismic performance, so this kind of residential structure is mostly used in high-rise buildings.
2. The steel structure building covers a small area and has a good sense of space
With the development of The Times, many new products are emerging day by day, bringing investors more opportunities for development.Some people think that the use value of open space is higher.This is mainly because of the scarcity of land resources, prompting many houses or buildings to pay more attention to the flexible use of space.So, the problem that investor must consider is rational investment not only, reduce cover an area, still should give full play to the freedom of the space and flexibility, make comfortable environment for the user.
3. The comprehensive benefit of steel structure housing is higher than that of traditional housing system
According to statistics, in the total cost of materials, steel and concrete accounted for the lowest proportion, often less than 10%, so, the overall cost of the building does not have a greater impact.However, from the perspective of increasing space freedom and flexibility, saving space and investment return, the use of concrete and steel will effectively reduce the overall cost of the project.For investors, long-term profits are the motivation for them to decide to invest in a certain project. After implementation, they often hope to recover costs quickly to avoid losses.In addition, no matter in the cost or construction period, steel structure housing is extremely advantageous, can speed up the flow of funds, although the construction market is constantly changing, and the competition is very fierce, but there is no doubt that the steel structure housing still has a good prospect for development.
4. Steel structure buildings are favored for their unique resources and environmental advantages
In terms of environmental protection and resources, construction projects consume and occupy a lot of resources.According to statistics from relevant departments, the total consumption of steel and cement accounts for 20% and 17.6% respectively every year.Moreover, in the residential construction, it consumes 32% of the water resources and 30% of the built-up area land.In the specific construction link, because the light steel structure does not use water resources in the operation, so, at least a billion tons of water can be saved every year, which not only reduces the consumption of water resources, but also responds to the national advocate "low-carbon, environmental protection" this strategic goal.Steel structure construction site small amount of work, no noise, no pollution of the surrounding environment.Reduce the load of the building on the environment (the overall environment, the surrounding environment), to maximize the technical energy and resource conservation;Provide safe, healthy, efficient and comfortable living space;In the whole life cycle of a building, it is necessary to save resources and energy, protect the environment and reduce pollution to the greatest extent, so as to achieve harmony with the natural environment and harmonious coexistence of people, buildings and the environment.In short, the steel structure of the housing basically conforms to: four sections one environmental protection - that is, "energy saving, land saving, water saving, material saving and environmental protection".
5.The steel structure housing conforms to the housing industrialization and the sustainable development request
Suitable for factory mass production, industrialization, high degree of commercialization.It will save energy, waterproof, heat insulation and other advanced finished products together, to achieve a comprehensive set of applications, design, production, construction and installation integration, improve the level of housing industrialization.With the development of urban construction, a large number of old buildings need to be demolished for urban reconstruction, and the demolition of steel structure is easier to implement. The steel recycling rate is high, the demolition cost is low, and the pollution is small, which meets the requirements of sustainable development.
Iii. Status quo and problems of industrialization development of steel structure housing in China
The so-called housing industrialization, from a professional perspective, is the housing as the final product, so as to achieve the housing service socialization, business integration, construction industrialization and standardization and a series of dynamic processes, under the scope of socialized production.It has significant characteristics are the following several aspects: first, socialization of management production, to market economic laws, that provide excellent residential goods and excellent service as the goal, the residential service, maintenance and management, supply, production, product development, construction, and involves the link form a complete industrial system.Secondly, the industrialization of architecture is a comprehensive embodiment of modern management level and construction technology. It should also include scientific organization and management, mechanization of residential construction, and factory production of commodity production, etc. Through large-scale production of houses-related products, the economic benefits of investors can be improved to meet the consumer demand of customers.Thirdly, housing involves standardization, which is generally reflected in rationalization, serialization and generalization of residential commodity and building system.At the present stage, there are several problems in the process of promoting steel structure housing in China, which are as follows: firstly, the link between design and research and development is not smooth, and the enterprise has not established a sound and reasonable industrial chain.Secondly, there is a lack of supporting system for the products. In the steel structure housing, the proportion of wall technology and related products is only 20% to 30%.Finally, the market is not sound, preferential policies are not in place, high construction costs, affecting the construction
developers enthusiasm.
Fourth, the steel structure housing will develop toward the sustainable building direction
The emergence of sustainable architecture not only responds positively to the "environmental protection" requirements advocated by the state, but also fully meets the needs of contemporary and future generations, making remarkable contributions to the sustainable development of mankind.Sustainable architecture comprehensively considers the impact and adverse consequences caused by architecture, and believes that architecture can be ecological and energy-saving, rather than something imposed by human on the earth.The specific development direction is as follows:
1. Economizing measures
The thermal performance of traditional buildings should be improved. Renewable energy, clean energy, lighting and ventilation should be used. Efficient lighting should be adopted.In the use of materials, can make full use of local materials, recycled old building materials and heritage building materials;The introduction of large water-saving equipment, and by reducing the amount of concrete and other materials to reduce the overall water consumption of the project.The steel structure is renewable, recyclable, removable and removable, and its supporting structure (such as interior decoration materials, doors and Windows, stairs, wallboard and floor) should also have the above characteristics, so that it can not only be recycled, but also extend the service life of the residence.
2. Ecological measures
Wastewater is treated and reused, rainwater is collected for water consumption in the project, and solar energy is installed on the roof to save electricity.Starting from the structure and composition of soil, this paper explores local wind energy resources, light energy resources, animal and plant resources, soil erosion, groundwater and slope, etc., and USES reasonable equipment and means to improve the microenvironment.
3. Humanized measures
Provide high quality landscape environment and humidity environment, strengthen the construction of ventilation system, natural lighting system.Use green, environmental protection building materials, to ensure the health of the residents, the safety factor as the core of the whole design link.Besides, still should realize "low noise" decorate, avoid as a result of resident decorate and the rest that affects a neighbour and the mood.The solution that already had includes the following respects: offer hardcover commodity housing, but savour and quality do not accord with the requirement of owner necessarily however, redecorate to also become inevitable, can spread way and sound source through controlling noise to solve.Also can achieve through the sound insulation board installed between wallboard and floor board "low noise decorates" although cannot eliminate completely, but can achieve completely "do not disturb people".Many researchers have also carried out a large number of practical and research activities, the use of large housing, "silent decoration" or "low noise decoration".
4. Harmless measures
Use clean, environmentally friendly energy.The adverse effects in the construction and design environment should be eliminated as far as possible, and the water system, animal and vegetation systems in the site should be rationally arranged to minimize the use of large mechanical equipment, and the semi-underground or underground earth-covered buildings should be designed.
5. Intensive measures
Establish and perfect cycle cost budget system.Calculate the original price and operation consumption of various building elements.The architect works with the structuralists, the owners, the physicists, the computing experts and the equipment experts to advance the design.Through intelligent and scientific management of traffic, security, fire protection, sanitation, water supply and drainage, air conditioning and equipment in the store, a safe, waste free, energy-saving and low-carbon ecological environment will be formed.In addition, the promotion of sustainable building should be based on China's national conditions, not blindly learn from the standards of other countries, should be in line with the reality.In addition, sustainable architecture involves multiple disciplines and is strong in theory and technology, which requires the cooperation and cooperation of technical personnel from multiple majors.Therefore, we should strengthen the research on it, and fundamentally improve the knowledge and accomplishment of technical personnel.
V. conclusions and Suggestions
This paper discusses the current situation and development of steel structure housing and its industrialization in China.Due to the defects of steel structure housing, industry awareness and development history, the academic community to increase the intensity of this issue, through the pilot to enhance practical experience, fully tap the development potential of steel structure housing.In essence, housing industrialization is a systematic project that involves a wide range of fields, has strong relevance and is very difficult. How to promote and sustainable development remains to be studied in depth.
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Hangzhou Forever Steel Co.,Ltd.
Jiujiang Eternal Construction Co., Ltd.
Forever Office Automation System